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In
This Issue |
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1.20 Strategies for coping with
stress
2. Personality
traits influence physical
attractiveness
3. 12
strategies to succeed in your job
4. Are
you a Type-A person?
5.Selective
memory is helpful short-term but harmful
long-term
6. Simple
toys are better than electronic toys
7.Pedometers
help people stay active
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20 Strategies for coping with
stress
“It is not that happy people have fewer bad
events happen to them. Bad events are inevitable.
Happy persons seem to manage bad events better;
they tend to bounce back faster,” says Randy
Larsen, Ph.D, psychologist at
Washington
University.
Most negative emotions occur in response to
threats, failures or losses in either our work
lives or in our important relationships. Moods
last longer and influence how we think, feel and
act.
Larsen offers 20 strategies for regulating
unpleasant moods and
emotions.
Behaviours
that focus on the mood:
- Distract
and stay busy
- Help
others
- Do
something pleasurable
- Socialize
- Inhibit
the expression
- Exercise
- Take
natural mood elevators, such as
caffeine
Behaviours
that focus on the
situation:
- Problem
directed action – Finding the cause and fixing
it.
- Plan
for avoiding this problem in
future
- Putting
in more efforts
- Talking
to or seeking advice
- Withdrawing
from the scene
Cognitive
strategies that focus on the
mood:
- Relaxation
or meditation
- Believing
that strength comes from
adversity
- Daydreaming
to forget
- Active
forgetting – refusing to think about
it.
Cognitive
strategies that focus on the
situation:
- Reframing
- changing the way you look at the
situation
- Thinking
about other successes in your
life
- Downward
social comparison – thinking of people worse
than you
- Praying
– putting faith in
God
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Personality
traits influence physical
attractiveness
Researcher
Gary Lewandowski, Jr, an assistant professor in
the Department of Psychology at
Monmouth
University,
found that individuals, both men and women, who
exhibit positive traits such as honesty and
helpfulness, are perceived as better- looking,
whereas those who exhibit negative traits such as
unfairness and rudeness appear to be less
attractive.
Volunteers who participated in the study
were asked to view photographs of opposite- sex
individuals and rate them for attractiveness,
before and after being provided with information
on personality traits. After
information about personality traits was provided,
volunteers were also asked to rate the
desirability of each individual as a friend and as
a partner. Dr. Gary found that information on
personality traits significantly altered the
perceived desirability, showing that cognitive
processes modify judgments of
attractiveness.
The findings shows that a positive
personality leads to greater desirability as a
friend and as a romantic partner and ultimately to
being viewed as physically more
attractive.
“This research provides a more positive
alternative by reminding people that personality
traits goes a long way toward determining your
attractiveness; it can even change peoples’
impression of how good-looking you are,” says Dr.
Gary.
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12 strategies to succeed in
your job
Employers’ surveys reveal that employees
lose jobs not because they are unable to do the
job, but because of their poor work habits.
Practising the recommended work culture provides a
greater job security and ensures higher
remuneration and faster growth.
- Observe
who your boss trusts and model yourself after
him/her.
- Be
friendly with all colleagues. Avoid politics and
power games.
- Be
a team player; Offer to help others and accept
help from others.
- Be
willing to learn new skills; It will lead to
faster career growth.
- If
you make a mistake, inform your boss
immediately.
- Treat
criticism from superiors and complaints from
customers as feedback.
- Be
polite and respectful to customers, even if they
behave rudely.
- Leave
your personal problems and family problems at
home.
- Be
well-groomed and wear job-appropriate dress;
Avoid strong perfumes.
- Always
be on time; If you are going to be late, inform
in advance.
- Do
not use the employer’s equipments and time to do
your personal things.
- Exceed
your employer’s expectations; Rewards will
exceed your expectations.
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Are
you a Type-A person?
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Cardiologists Dr.Meyer Friedman and Dr.Rosenman, after studying
the behaviour pattern of thousands of their heart
patients, classified people‘s behaviour into
Type-A behaviour and Type-B behaviour. They found
that type-A behaviour people are 2 to 3 times more
at risk of death through heart attack than type-B
behaviour people.
What are the characteristics of type-A
people? The major components are a desperate sense
of time urgency and an easily aroused hostility.
Its subcomponents are obsessive competitiveness
and a constant drive to control others. They are
at war with time, with others and with
themselves.
Dr. Friedman’s advice to Type-A people is
“change your behaviour before you head for a heart
attack.” He himself was a type-A person and he
shares his secrets of how he managed to change
himself into a more-relaxed type-B person.
1.
Practise
smiling on the street at older
people.
2.
Purposely
speak more slowly.
3.
Purposely
say, “I am wrong” twice a
day.
4.
Listen
to at least 2 persons without interrupting even
once.
5.
Seek
the longest line while queueing
up.
6.
Express your affection to your
spouse, children and others important to
you.
7.
Make
a list of last year’s events and find why you can
recall only a few.
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Selective
memory is helpful short-term but harmful
long-term |
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People
who avoid issues or painful memories may enjoy
short-term gains but suffer long-term
consequences, according to Robin Edelstein, a
psychology professor at
University
of Michigan.
“While avoiding things can be a helpful
short-term strategy, not paying attention to
certain things for extended periods of time
might be bad for your mental health with
consequences for your physical health. All the
efforts to avoid anxiety, actually creates more
anxiety later,” Edelstein
said.
In relationships, avoidant people put off
discussing issues that might cause an argument.
Putting off the inevitable, leads to the pair
either coming to a more serious confrontation
later or simply drifting apart, from never
dealing with issues, that need to be dealt
with.
On the other end of the spectrum are
people who do recognise and deal with issues but
spend nearly all their time over-thinking them,
without actually acting on
them.
People with a healthy support system have
friends or family they can talk with about
difficult issues. “The best solution is to do
something about it rather than just thinking
about it or hiding it, according to Edelstein.
The healthiest solution is to deal with an
issue, take action and move
on.
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Simple
toys are better than electronic
toys
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“Old-
fashioned retro toys, such as red rubber balls,
simple building blocks, clay and crayons, that
don’t cost so mush and are usually hidden in the
back shelves are usually much healthier for
children than the electronic educational toys
that have fancier boxes and cost $89.99,” says
Temple University developmental psychologist and
co-director of the Temple University Infant Lab,
Kathy Hirsh-Pasek.
Electronic educational toys boast brain
development; but developmental psychologists
know that it doesn’t really work this way. The
toy manufacturers are playing on parents’ fears
that their children will be left behind in the
global marketplace according to Roberta
Golinkoff, head of the Infant Language Project
at the University
of Delaware.
Hirsh-Pasek and Golinkoff, co-authors of
‘Einstein Never Used Flashcards’, offer parents
the following guidelines for choosing the proper
toys for their young children.
1.
Look
for a toy that is 10 percent toy and 90 percent
child. Hirsh-Pasek says “I look for a toy that
doesn’t command the child, but lets the child
command it.”
2.
Toys
should be props for a child’s playing and not
directing the child’s
play.
3.
Look
for something that can be taken apart and
reassembled into something
different.
4.
Look
carefully at the pictures and promises on the
box. If the toy is promising that your child is
going to be smarter, it is a red
flag.
Does
the toy encourage social interaction? See if
more than one child can play with the toys at
the same time, because that is when, kids learn
the negotiation skills that they need to be
successful in
life. Back to top
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Pedometers
help people stay
active |
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Researchers
at the Stanford University School of Medicine
have found that the use of pedometers is
associated with significant increases in
physical activity, weight loss and improvement
in blood pressure.
“Much to my surprise, these little
devices were shown to increase physical activity
by over 2000 steps, or about one mile of walking
per day,” said Dr. Dena Bravata, MD, MS, the
study’s lead author.
Bravata and her team found that pedometer
users increased their physical activity by 2491
steps per day, when compared to volunteers who
did not use pedometers. This equates to 27
percent increase in physical activity.
When looking beyond increased steps,
Bravata’s team found that pedometer users lost
weight as well. Their BMI decreased by 0.4 (It
equals 2.5 pounds lost for a person who weighs
195 pounds and measures 5 foot 6 inches)
They also found that their systolic blood
pressure (the upper number of the two values)
fell by 3.8 mm Hg. This decrease is quite
significant considering the fact that a
reduction of 2mm Hg is associated with a 10
percent reduction in stroke mortality and 7
percent reduction in death from vascular
causes.
“We can get pretty amazing increased
physical activity by using pedometers,” said
James Hill, Ph.D, an obesity expert at
University of Colorado Hill hopes that this
would prove to people that health can be
improved with just simple changes. “Nothing is
simpler than getting a pedometer,” said Hill.
A pedometer is a small, inexpensive
device that counts the number of steps walked
per day.
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