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In This Issue |
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1.Light
humour in the workplace is a good
thing
2. Mimic your way to
success
3.
How
to manage conflicts in
marriage
4. Why emotionally charged
events are
unforgettable
5. Happiness
comes cheap – even for
millionaires
6.
How
ventriloquists trick your
brain
7.Financial incentives can create bad
employee
behaviour
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Light humour in the workplace is a good
thing
Is
kidding around at work a good thing? Yes, says Chris
Robert, assistant professor of management in the
University of Missouri-Columbia, who conducted a
research on how workplace humour affects the working
environment.
Humour – particularly joking around about things
associated with the job – actually has a positive impact
in the workplace. Occasional humour among colleagues
enhances creativity, department cohesiveness and overall
performance.
The
researchers Chris Robert and Wan Yan studied the
following areas, in their
research.
How humour works
and its cognitive effects.
Why humour has a
positive effect within an
organisation.
The influence of
humour on positive emotions.
The link between
positive emotions ad improved performance in
organisations.
How culture influences the use of
humour.
Robert and Yan stressed, “Humour has a
significant impact in organisations. Humour isn’t
incompatible with goals of the workplace. It isn’t
incompatible with the organisation’s desire to be
competitive. In fact, humour is pretty important. It’s
not just clowning around and having fun; it has
meaningful impact on cohesiveness in the workplace and
communication quality among workers. The ability to
appreciate humour, the ability to laugh and make other
people laugh actually has physiological effects on the
body that cause people to become more
bonded.”
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Mimic your way to success
Mimicking simple gestures, postures and
mannerisms can help win the deal, according to a new
study by Stanford
Business
School.
The study suggests that mimicry is an effective way to
facilitate building trust and consequently
information-sharing in a negotiation. It thereby
improves the outcome not only for the person mimicking
but also for the person mimicked.
Mimickers seem to bake bigger pies at the
bargaining table and consequently take a bigger share of
that pie for themselves, say William Maddux of INSTEAD,
Elizabeth Mullen of Stanford and Adam Galinsky of
Northwestern, the study authors.
The results were dramatic. 10 out of 15
negotiations in which mimicking occurred resulted in a
deal, compared to 2 out of 16, in which no mimicking
took place.
The participants in the research had no prior
training in strategic mimicry, but simply received a
brief instruction to mimic. None of the participants,
who were mimicked, noticed that their opponents were
copying their mannerisms, suggesting that the effects of
being mimicked occurred automatically and
unconsciously.
The study also found that mimicking enhanced
benefits for the party doing the mimicking without
adversely affecting the party being mimicked.
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How to manage conflicts in
marriage
Conflicts are bound to happen in a marriage, but
they do not have to lead to separation and divorce. The
success of marriage depends on how well you handle the
conflicts. Avoid playing the blame-game and follow the
trouble-shooting approach. Here are some guidelines to
manage matrimonial conflicts.
Limit the discussion to the issue on hand. Past
issues had already been dealt with. They had been
resolved, ignored or forgiven.
Limit the discussion to one issue at a time. If
there are more issues, prioritize.
The aim of discussion is solution. It’s not a
question of who wins or who loses. If the issue is
solved, both have won. If the issue is not solved, both
have lost.
Accept the fact that genetic factors such as
height, colour etc. and inborn personality traits such
as introversion, extraversion etc cannot be changed.
Remember your spouse is not responsible for the
behaviour of your in-laws. So if you do not like your
in-laws’ behaviour, do not blame your
spouse.
Grant your spouse complete freedom on personal
choices such as food, dress, entertainment
etc.
Give the benefit of doubt to your spouse, before
raising any issue or before holding your spouse
responsible for any action.
If you are unable to sort out the differences on
your own, take the help of a family friend or a marriage
counsellor. It’s worth the time, money and efforts as
unresolved conflicts could affect your happiness and
health and ultimately lead to separation and
divorce.
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Why emotionally charged events are
unforgettable |
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Painful emotional memories that people would like
to forget are the most difficult ones to forget. Events
which happen during intense emotional states such as
anger, joy and happiness are difficult to forget when
compared to normal events.
University
of North
Carolina
psychologists Keith Payne and Elizabeth Corrigan found
that people could not intentionally forget even mild
emotional events as easily as mundane events. They also
found that both pleasant and unpleasant emotional
memories were resistant to intentional forgetting.
The
parts of the brain where memories are stored need to
distinguish between significant experiences and those
that carry less importance, giving priority to the
transformation of the former into long-term memory, the
researchers explained.
New research has identified the likely biological
cause for this. Richard Huganir, Ph.D, a neuroscience
professor at Johns
Hopkins
University
says that he and his team found that the hormone
norepinephrine, produced during emotional peaks,
dramatically increases the chemical sensitivity at the
sites where the nerve cells make an electro-chemical
connection, to form new memory circuits.
Norepinephrine,
commonly known as a ‘fight or flight’ hormone, energizes
the process by adding phosphate molecules to nerve cell
receptors. The phosphates help guide the receptors to
insert themselves adjacent to a synapse. "When the brain
needs to form a memory, the nerves have plenty of
available receptors to quickly adjust the strength of
the connection and lock that memory into place," Prof.
Huganir says.
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Happiness comes cheap – even for
millionaires |
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A
bar of chocolate, a long soak in the bath, a
snooze in the middle of the afternoon or a
leisurely stroll in the park are the things that
make us the most happy, according to new research
from the University of
Nottingham.
In a study, Dr. Richard Tunney of the
University’s School of Psychology found that it’s
the simple things in life that impact most
positively on our sense of well- being. It wasn’t
flashy cars and diamond jewellery that upped the
happiness quotient. It was the listening to music,
reading a book or enjoying a bottle of wine that
really made the difference.
The survey contrasted cost-free activities,
such as walking and snoozing, with expensive ones
like overseas holidays. It found that happy people
liked long baths, going swimming, playing games
and enjoying their hobby. Those who described
themselves as less happy, didn’t choose the
cost-free indulgencies. They rewarded themselves
with CDs, DVDs and inexpensive meals out
instead.
“While buying sports cars, giving up work
and going on exotic holidays is out of reach for
most of us, there are small lessons we can learn
from society’s happiest people to help improve our
quality of life,” Dr. Tunney
said.
“It appears that spending time relaxing is
the secret to a happy life. Cost-free pleasures
are the ones that make the difference – even when
you can afford anything that you want,” Dr. Tunney
added.
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How ventriloquists trick your brain |
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“The
prevailing wisdom among brain scientists has been
that each of the five senses – sight, hearing,
smell, touch and taste – is governed by its own
corresponding region in the brain. Now, we are
beginning to appreciate that it is not that
simple. Our results show that there are
interactions between the sensory pathways,” said
Jennifer Groh, Ph.D, a neurobiologist in Duke’s
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience.
The tiny round structure in the brain known
as the ‘inferior colliculus’, which was assumed to
process only sounds entering the ears, appears to
also process signals entering the eyes, explaining
why viewers believe that ventriloquists have
thrown their voices to the mouths of their
dummies. The association between the voice and the
moving mouth of the dummy is made before the
viewer consciously thinks about it.
The same process may also explain why the
words being spoken by a talking head on
television, appear to be coming out of the mouth,
even though the television speakers are located to
the side of the set. “The eyes see the lips moving
and the ears hear the sound and the brain
immediately jumps to the conclusion about the
origin of the voice,” explained Jennifer.
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Financial incentives can create bad
employee
behaviour |
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Incentives
should be used not to drive behaviour but instead
to provide recognition and to share the company’s
success with its employees, according to Stanford
Prof. Jeffrey Pfeffer.
Offering financial incentives to motivate
employees has been a common management practice
for decades. Sales staff get commissions for
selling more units; Teachers get incentives for
motivating students to score higher marks; Senior
executives get stock options for boosting the
company’s stock price – all aimed at inspiring
employees to be more productive. Organisations pay
commissions and incentives based on the belief
that if employees were compensated appropriately,
virtually every problem could be
solved.
“You want rewards to be large enough to be
noticed, and you want to use them to provide an
occasion for celebration and recognition, to let
the group come together and share successes and
enjoy each other’s companionship. But you
certainly don’t want to make the incentives so
large that they begin to drive and thereby distort
behaviour,” says Pfeffer.
Financial incentives can play a role, but
the key is still to build a supportive culture in
an organisation.
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